The start of work activity in or along the road.

That portion of the work zone which contains the work activity, equipment, materials and workers.

Any vehicle in the work area or work zone (mobile operations) conducting work. Examples include sweepers, rollers, paver, striping truck, one-ton utility truck, and supervisor’s pickup truck.

a person on foot whose duties place him or her within the right-of-way of a street, highway, or pathway, such as street, highway, or pathway construction and maintenance forces, survey crews, utility crews, responders to incidents within the street, highway, or pathway right-of-way, and law enforcement personnel when directing traffic, investigating crashes, and handling lane closures, obstructed roadways, and disasters within the right-of-way of a street, highway, or pathway.

A worker on foot is any worker, regardless of task assignment, who is on the ground (standing, walking, or sitting) rather than inside a vehicle or piece of equipment.

a slender, elongated, white pavement marking arrow placed upstream from the ramp terminus to indicate the correct direction of traffic flow. Wrong-way arrows are intended primarily to warn wrong-way road users that they are going in the wrong direction.

the first interval following the green or flashing arrow interval during which the steady yellow signal indication is displayed.